Synopsis

Vin Diesel dropped out of college to create his first film, Multi-Facial, which which screened at the Cannes Film Festival in 1995. His following film, Strays, screened at Sundance. Diesel’s work attracted the attention of Steven Spielberg, who cast Diesel in Saving Private Ryan (1998). He starred in several films before landing his career-defining role in Thttp://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8236203828392560384#editor/target=post;postID=2791735099421325813

Early Life

Actor, director, writer and producer Vin Diesel was born Mark Vincent on July 18, 1967, in New York City. Diesel managed to parley several self-produced, low-budget films into big-budget leading man status.
Born to a theater director and a psychologist (and sometimes astrologer), in interviews, Diesel has been guarded about his ethnic background. He started acting at the age of 7 at the Theater for the New City and continued to work with the theater throughout his adolescence. After working as a bouncer at several Manhattan nightclubs, he studied English at New York's Hunter College.

Film Career

Diesel dropped out of college short of graduation in order to create his first film, Multi-Facial. Diesel wrote, produced, directed and starred in the short film about a struggling actor willing to play any ethnicity in order to work. The film was accepted and screened at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival in 1995. His following film, a full-length feature called Strays (also self-produced), was accepted at the Sundance Film Festival.
Diesel's work attracted the attention of noted director Steven Spielberg, who was then starting work on his World War II epic Saving Private Ryan (1998). Spielberg tailored a featured part for Diesel and following the movie's release, Diesel found big-budget opportunities coming his way. In 2000, he turned in a noted performance in the otherwise-ignored Pitch Black. He then joined Ben Affleck and Giovanni Ribisi as a crooked stock-broker in Boiler Room.
he Fast and the Furious and its sequels.

Hi guys , are you know what all of Jackie Chan history . Lets see

Synopsis

Jackie Chan was born Chan Kong-sang on April 7, 1954, in Hong Kong, China. He began studying martial arts, drama, acrobatics, and singing at age seven. Once considered a likely successor of Bruce Lee in Hong Kong cinema, Chan instead developed his own style of martial arts blended with screwball physical comedy. He became a huge star throughout Asia and went on to have hits in the U.S. as well.

Early Life

Actor, director, producer. Born April 7, 1954, in Hong Kong, China. When his parents moved to Australia to find new jobs, the seven-year-old Chan was left behind to study at the Chinese Opera Research Institute, a Hong Kong boarding school. For the next 10 years, Chan studied martial arts, drama, acrobatics, and singing, and was subjected to stringent discipline, including corporal punishment for poor performance. He appeared in his first film, the Cantonese feature Big and Little Wong Tin Bar (1962), when he was only eight, and went on to appear in a number of musical films.
Upon his graduation in 1971, Chan found work as an acrobat and a movie stuntman, most notably in Fist of Fury (1972), starring Hong Kong's resident big-screen superstar, Bruce Lee. For that film, he reportedly completed the highest fall in the history of the Chinese film industry, earning the respectful notice of the formidable Lee, among others.

Big Break

After Lee's tragic, unexpected death in 1973, Chan was singled out as a likely successor of his mantle as the king of Hong Kong cinema. To that end, he starred in a string of kung fu movies with Lo Wei, a producer and director who had worked with Lee. Most were unsuccessful, and the collaboration ended in the late 1970s. By that time, Chan had decided that he wanted to break out of the Lee mold and create his own image. Blending his martial arts abilities with an impressive nerve—he insisted on performing all of his own stunts—and a sense of screwball physical comedy reminiscent of one of his idols, Buster Keaton, Chan found his own formula for cinematic gold.
A year after the release of his first bona fide hit, Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow (1978), Chan took the Hong Kong film world by storm with his first so-called "kung fu comedy" the now-classic Drunken Master (1978). Subsequent hits such as The Fearless Hyena (1979), Half a Loaf of Kung Fu (1980), and The Young Master (1980) confirmed Chan's star status; the latter film marked his first with Golden Harvest, Lee's old production company and the leading film studio in Hong Kong. Before long, Chan had become the highest-paid actor in Hong Kong and a huge international star throughout Asia. He exerted total control over most of his films, often taking charge of duties ranging from producing to directing to performing the theme songs.
In the early 1980s, Chan tried his luck in Hollywood, with little success. He starred in the Golden Harvest-produced The Big Brawl (1980), which flopped; he also had a small supporting role opposite Burt Reynolds in the disappointing ensemble comedy Cannonball Run (1982) and its equally mediocre 1984 sequel.

Hi guys , i want to give you all lighsaber color and the meaning

Red (uncommon)
Indicates the lightsaber of a Sith or Dark Jedi. This is a characteristic that generally indicated a prominent user of the dark side of the force. The red represents blood and violence. Generally these crystals are synthetically grown.

  Blue (common)
Indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi Guardian. This is a Jedi who tended to fight the Sith on a physical level.

Green (common)
Indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi Consular. This is a Jedi who preferred to ponder the mysteries of the force and fight the dark side at it's heart.

Yellow (common)
Indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi Sentinel. This is a Jedi who honed their skills in a balance of combat and scholarly pursuits.

Violet (uncommon)
This indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi who stayed closely with their knowledge of the dark side as well as the light side. They walked a thin line between both of those paths. A combination of blue and red.

Dark Red (uncommon)
Same as red, but thought to be a stronger user of the force.

Dark Blue (uncommon)
Same as blue, but thought to be a stronger user of the force.

Dark Green (uncommon)
Same as green, but thought to be a stronger user of the force.

Dark Yellow (uncommon)
Same as yellow, but thought to be a stronger user of the force.

Dark Violet (rare)
Same as violet, but thought to be a stronger user of the force.

Silver (uncommon)
This lightsaber is what is called a dual-phase saber. Meaning the length of the blade can be changed with a special switch built into the hilt. The blade can be changed from the typical 1.2 meters to 2 meters with the flick of this switch.

Bronze (uncommon)
This indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi who has mastered control over their anger above all else. It has been used in past times by wookie Jedi who have overcome their anger towards their enemies.

Brown (uncommon)
No specific meaning.

Clear (rare)
A clear beam improves the stealth of a character. This was generally used by Jedi who focused on stealth and reconnaissance missions. The only downside to this beam, is it made using the saber difficult during combat.

Crimson (common)
A lightsaber that holds this color is generally wielded by a Jedi who tended to use more unorthadox methods of battle during lightsaber duels. Never truely following any of the forms, but using a style all in their own.

Cyan (rare)
A lightsaber that holds this color generally emits a lower hum then others of different hue. Providing a bit of a bonus to stealth. The only downside is the loss in power energy drawn through the blade.

Emerald (rare)
This was generally used by an observer of the Force. Generally this person attempted to avoid combat and simply study the uses of the Force by watching others.

Light Violet (common)
A color generally used in sparring and training. This saber can only produce subdual damage.

Light Yellow (common)
A color generally used in sparring and training. This saber can only produce subdual damage.

Light Green (common)
A color generally used in sparring and training. This saber can only produce subdual damage.

Magenta (uncommon)
No specific meaning.

Orange (uncommon)
No specific meaning.

Gold (rare)
This lightsaber is generally used in the ceremony of granting a Jedi the rank of Jedi Master.

Rainbow (Shifts through the color spectrum) (rare)
This lightsaber is unique in that it changes hue based upon the mood of the wielder.

Silver-Blue (uncommon)
No specific meaning.

Teal (uncommon)
Indicates the lightsaber of a Jedi Healer. This is a Jedi who practiced great devotion, trustworthiness, and healing.

White (common)
A color only used in lightsaber deflection training. This weapon provides no damage if someone is struck with it.

Yellowish-Green (uncommon)
A blade with this color indicates a Jedi who tends to be very vain yet diverse in their training. A blade used typically by those who tread dangerously close to the dark side of the force as well as the light.

Black
A virtually impossible beam to create, the black lightsaber is convented by all dark side users. It is only a legend that such a crystal exists that would allow a dark side user to create such a beam. It's powers, unknown.[/quote]

Hi guys !!!! are yaou want to make a clone trooper helmet , but you can make it , don't worry i will give the instruction to make clone trooper helmet

Here the instruction , lets check it out !!!

1

Place the empty milk jug upright on your workspace. Take off the top and discard it. Remove the milk label. Place your scissors vertically, with one of the blades pointing down inside the spout. Cut down 6 inches.

2

Cut horizontally around the circumference of the jug 6 inches below the spout. Continue cutting until the top of the milk jug and the spout have been removed. Set that part aside.

3

Flip the milk jug upside down. This will form the base of your helmet. Place the jug over your head and roughly mark where your eyes and nose are with a permanent marker.

4

Place the helmet back on your workspace. Draw a horizontal rectangle around the eye area. Draw a narrow triangle which begins at the bottom of the helmet and ends in a point at the midpoint of the rectangle. Make sure the triangle goes around the nose area that you marked. Cut out the rectangle and triangle.

5

Cut out an 8-inch-by-8-inch piece of black mesh fabric. Glue the mesh on the inside of the helmet with a hot glue gun, covering the nose and mouth holes. Trim excess mesh as needed.

6

Cut a 1-inch-by-7-inch piece of white cardboard. Create a triangle at one end by cutting from one corner inwards at a 45-degree angle. Glue the cardboard to the top of the helmet with the glue gun to create the signature raised crest of a clone trooper helmet.

7

Use a black permanent marker to add details. Try on the helmet and make adjustments as necessary.

That all all of the tutorial to make a clone trooper , thank you , please left a comment

Death

On November 30, 2013, at approximately 3:30 p.m. PST, Walker and friend Roger Rodas,^[36] age 38, left an event for Walker's charity Reach Out Worldwide for victims of Typhoon Haiyan^[37][38] in Rodas' red 2005 Porsche Carrera GT. After leaving the event, the car crashed into a light pole and tree on Hercules Street, a 45 mph speed zone near Kelly Johnson Parkway in Valencia, Santa Clarita, California, after which the vehicle burst into flames.^{[37][39][40][41][42]} The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department declared both victims dead at the scene.^[40][43] Rodas died of multiple traumatic injuries, while Walker died from the combined effects of traumatic and thermal injuries, according to the Los Angeles county coroner's office.^[44]
The curve where Walker and Rodas were killed is a popular spot for drifting cars.^[45] Investigators believe the car he was in reached at least 90 mph before the crash.^[46] Police also investigated as to whether drag racing played a role, but were unable to find evidence of a second car's involvement.^[47] Authorities determined that Rodas was driving the car, while Walker was the passenger.^[44]
With Fast & Furious 7 in the middle of filming at the time of Walker's death, Universal announced an indeterminate hiatus on the production, citing a desire to speak with his family before determining what to do with the film.^[48] Numerous friends and movie stars have posted tributes to Walker on social media

Personal life

Walker lived in Santa Barbara with his dogs.^[5][19] He and Rebecca McBrain,^[20] a one-time girlfriend,^[21] had a daughter^[22] who lived with her mother in Hawaii for 13 years and then moved to California to live with Walker in 2011.^[23] He held a brown belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under Ricardo "Franjinha" Miller at Paragon Jiu-Jitsu^[24] and was awarded with his black belt by Miller posthumously.^[25]
Walker's first passion was marine biology; he joined the Board of Directors of The Billfish Foundation in 2006.^[26] He fulfilled a lifelong dream by starring in a National Geographic Channel series Expedition Great White (later retitled Shark Men), which premiered in June 2010.^[27][28] He spent 11 days as part of the crew, catching and tagging 7 great white sharks off the coast of Mexico. The expedition, led by Chris Fischer, founder and CEO of Fischer Productions, along with Captain Brett McBride and Dr. Michael Domeier of the Marine Conservation Science Institute took measurements, gathered DNA samples, and fastened real-time satellite tags to the great white sharks. This allowed Dr. Domeier to study migratory patterns especially those associated with mating and birthing over a 5-year period of time.^[29]
In March 2010, Walker went to Constitución, Chile to offer his help and support to the people injured in the 8.8 magnitude earthquake that struck on February 27. He flew with his humanitarian aid team, REACH OUT Worldwide, to Haiti to lend a helping hand to the 2010 Haiti earthquake victims.^[30]

Walker drove a Nissan Skyline GT-R in 2 Fast 2 Furious.

An avid car enthusiast, he competed in the Redline Time Attack racing series in which he raced an M3 E92 and was on the AE Performance Team. His car was sponsored by Etnies, Brembo Brakes, Ohlins, Volk, OS Giken, Hankook, Gintani, and Reach Out Worldwide.^[31] Walker had been preparing for an auto show prior to his death.^[32]
Roger Rodas became Walker's financial adviser in 2007 and helped to establish Reach Out Worldwide.^[33] Rodas was the CEO of Always Evolving, a Valencia high-end vehicle performance shop owned by Walker.^[34] he shared a close friendship with Tyrese Gibson.^[35]

History Of Paul Walker

Walker began his small screen career as a toddler, when he starred in a television commercial for Pampers. He began modeling at the age of two and began working on television shows in 1985, with roles in shows such as Highway to Heaven, Who's the Boss?, The Young and the Restless, and Touched by an Angel. That same year, he starred in a commercial for Showbiz Pizza.^[11] Walker's film career began in 1986, with the horror/comedy film Monster in the Closet. He and his sister Ashlie were contestants on a 1988 episode of the game show I'm Telling!; they finished in second place. In 1993 he played Brandon Collins on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. He and his co-star Heather Tom, who played Victoria Newman, were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Actress in a soap opera at the Youth in Film Awards. In 1998, Walker made his feature film debut in the comedy Meet the Deedles, which finally gained him fame. This subsequently led to supporting roles in the movies Pleasantville (1998), Varsity Blues (1999), She's All That (1999), and The Skulls (2000).
Paul William Walker was an American actor .
Walker starred in the independent film The Lazarus Project, which was released on DVD on October 21, 2008. He subsequently returned to The Fast and the Furious franchise, reprising his role in Fast & Furious, which was released on April 3, 2009.^[14] Walker then appeared in the crime drama Takers, which began filming in early September 2008 and was released in August 2010.^[15]
The Coty Prestige fragrance brand Davidoff Cool Water for Men announced in January 2011 that Walker was going to be the new face of the brand as of July 2011.^[16] He reprised his role in the fifth installment of The Fast and the Furious series, Fast Five (2011), and again in Fast & Furious 6 (2013). Upcoming films in which Walker starred or appeared in due for release are Hours, set for release in December 2013, and Brick Mansions, set for release in May 2014. At the time of his death, Walker had been filming Fast and Furious 7, which was slated for release in July 2014.^[17] He was also set to play Agent 47 in the Hitman film adaptation.^[18]

Organisasi Pergerakan Indonesia Part2

Organisasi Pergerakan Indonesia Part 2 from Adibbian Kasendri

Organisasi Pergerakan Indonesia Part1

Organisasi Pergerakan Indonesia from Adibbian Kasendri

MUSEUM VISIT TASK SUBJECT SOCIAL SCIENCE

1. Galang predicted origin of this object is for the bride's jewelry, where the discovery is in West Sumatra, the usefulness of this thing is to be worn by the bride
2. Kawa tube, uses this object is for dijadiksan place to put materials drinks
3. Sword, asl proposal this thing is kind of melee weapons made ​​of iron, the usefulness of this thing is to fight at close range with the enemy
4. Wheelbarrows, the origin of these objects are objects used by ancient humans to transport heavy items this object made ​​of wood which has one wheel in front of her, the usefulness of this thing is to haul a very heavy
5. Bendi, the origin of these objects is as a means of transportation before the invention of a machine that is pulled by a horse that brings people make use of some sort of cart, this thing uses adalh to take the form of human transportation
6. Talempong, the origin of these objects is as a typical muski originating from West Sumatra made ​​of brass, the instrument used to play traditional music Minangkabau (West Sumatra)
7. Crank phone, the origin of these objects is as a communication tool of communication before the advent of smaller, uses this thing is to communicate with others
8. Pantik, the origin of this object is a kind of fishing equipment such as fishing to catch fish in the river are made ​​of bamboo, the usefulness of this object is a fish trap nets before ditumakannya
9. Pupuik, the origin of these objects is a musical instrument made from rice shoots, the usefulness of this thing as a traditional instrument adalh
10. Rifle, the origin of these objects is a long range weapon used during the war were made ​​of iron or wood, the usefulness of these objects are within firing enemy far enough

The Instructions!

1.      Please copy this questions to your blog

2.      Then, answer it!

3.      Next, give label on your blog with “Tugas Sejarah” and SMP DEK” (get the label on the right corner)

4.      This will be no more than Monday, September 9, 2013

5.      Give some references for your work

Questions!

1)     Give a brief explanations about their policy and invention for each oh them:

• Herman William Daendels
• Thomas Stamford Raffles
•  Van Den Bosch
•  Multatuli
• Conrad Theodore van Deventer
• Van der Cappellen
• Willem Janssen

Answer : 
  
      . Herman William Deandels :
        Herman Deandels Willian is a VOC governor who was in Indonesia. The main policy Deandels maintain Java so as not taken the UK. Deandels in its duty to do several things, including the following:
1. Making road from Anyer to Panarukan by Rodi (Labour)
2. Build a weapons factory in Semarang
3. Build a naval base in Merak and Ujung Kulon

To get funding, Deandels set some rules:
1. Tax submission form crops (Contingenten)
2. Obligation to sell agricultural products only to the Dutch government to set prices
3. Obligations stipulated to the people to grow coffee Priangan

This was resisted by some in the kingdom in Indonesia. As a result of selling the state-owned land to private parties foreigners Dutch, Arabic, and Chinese, Deandels be called back to the Netherlands. The next Dutch Governor General Governor General Jansens 

Van Den Bosch :
Cultuurstelsel ( literally : Cultivation System or inaccurately translated as a Cultural System ) which by Indonesian historians called Cultivation System , is a regulation issued by the Governor -General Johannes van den Bosch in 1830, which requires each village to set aside some land ( 20 % ) to plant export crops , mainly coffee , sugarcane , and Tarum ( tilapia ) . Results of this plant will be sold to the colonial government at a price that has been ascertained and crops submitted to the colonial government . Villagers who do not have land to work 75 days in a year ( 20 % ) in the orchards owned by the government into a kind of tax .
In practice regulations mean it can not be said for the entire agricultural area shall be planted with export behavior and the results submitted to the Dutch government . Regions used for any cultuurstelstel practices remain taxable . Residents who do not have agricultural land shall work for a full year on the farm .
Cultivation is the most exploitative in the era of the Dutch East Indies economic practices . Cultivation system is far more draconian than the VOC monopoly system because no revenue targets much needed revenue for the state government . Farmers at the time of VOC shall sell a particular commodity at VOC , now have to plant certain crops and also sell it at a set price to the government . Assets cultivation is what contributed greatly to the capital in the heyday of liberal colonial Dutch East Indies in 1835 until 1940.
System due to the prosperity and welfare of the Netherlands , Van den Bosch was awarded the title as the originator Graaf by the Dutch king , on December 25, 1839 .
Cultuurstelsel then stopped after criticism emerged with the release of 1870 and the Agricultural Act Sugar Act 1870 , which started the era of economic liberalization in Indonesia s colonial history in 1830 when the colonial government was almost bankrupt after the war the biggest Java ( Java War , 1825-1830 ) , Governor -General Judo special permission implement cultivation system ( Cultuur Stelsel ) with the main objective to fill an empty treasury colonial administration , or the colonial government budget deficit .
Cultivation system departs from the assumption that the villages in Java land rent owed ​​to the government , which is usually reckoned worth 40 % of the village's main crop is concerned . Van den Bosch wants every country to set aside some land for planting commodity exports to Europe ( coffee , sugar cane , and tilapia ) . Residents are forced to use some of arable land ( at least one-fifth wide , 20 % ) and setting aside some weekdays to work for the government .
By following the forced cultivation , the village will be able to pay off the tax debt soil . When the village revenue from the sale of commodities it exports more than the land tax to be paid , the village would receive the excess . If less , the village must pay the shortfall was from other sources .
Cultivation system was introduced gradually from 1830 to 1835. By the year 1840 this system has been fully implemented in Java .
Colonial government mobilizes agricultural land , buffalo , cow , and completely free labor . Commodity coffee , tea , tobacco , sugar cane , whose demand in the world market are rising , cultivated .
For the Dutch colonial government , the system is extraordinarily fruitful . Because between 1831-1871 Batavia not only can build your own , but had the net result of 823 million guilders cash in the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Generally , more than 30 percent from the royal budget submissions from Batavia . In the 1860s , 72% of revenues contributed from Oost Royal Netherlands Indies or East Indies . Directly or indirectly , a source of capital Batavia . For example , the Dutch national railway finance the luxury department . The Dutch royal treasury had a surplus .
Cultivation system operating agency Nederlandsche Handel Maatchappij ( NHM ) is the reincarnation of VOC that has been bankrupt .
As a result of this cultivation , rice production decreased, and the price soared . In 1843 , emerging famine in Cirebon , West Java . Famine also hit Central Java , in 1850.

Cruel system of forced cultivation , after strong protests from various groups in the Netherlands , finally removed in 1870 , although for the coffee plants outside Java continues until 1915 .  Program is run to replace the land lease system in 1870 Agrarian Law . 

Thomas Stanford Raffles :

British leaders in 1811 in India , namely Lord Thomas Stamford Rafflesyang Muito ordered domiciled in Penang ( Malaya ) to master Java . By deploying 60 ship , Britain had occupied Batavia on August 26, 1811 and on 18 September 1811 the Dutch surrendered by capitulation TuntangIsi Tuntang capitulation is : 1.pulau Java and surrounding areas in the Dutch army became master inggris2.semua Tawana dutch inggris3.orang can be inggrisPemerintahaan British officials in Indonesia held by Raffles whose pictures you can see sidebar . Raffles was appointed as Lieutenant Governor with the task of organizing governance and increased trade and keamanan.Untuk add your insight , please refer to the picture you are following 23 mengenalgambar Once you are 23 , you simply fill out a description of the material during the reign diIndonesia.1.Bidang Raffles action rule - Dividing Java to 18 residency - regent to appoint civil servants digaj - Demonstrate yuri in the court system as in the UK - Prohibit slavery - Build Bogor Palace seat of government in the economy and financial 2.Bidang - implement system of land leases ( land rents ) , Action this is based on the revenue that the UK government is ruling over all the land , so residents must pay taxes menempatitanah . - Continuing efforts ever undertaken Netherlands for example the sale of land to the private sector , as well as planting Doing kopi. - free cultivation , involving people to participate in the trade . - Monopolize salt so as not to be mocked in the trade as it is very important bagirakyat. - Removes all mandatory submission and forced labor Besides Raffles action in the field of governance and economic / financial masihada other actions alias for Indonesia ? Besides employers , a sarjanayang Raffles also very interested in the history and nature of Indonesia. Actions taken another Rafflesantara : - Build Harmony in road building Majapahit Jakarta for Science Institute which was founded in 1778 named Bataviaasch Genootschap - Compiling Java history titled "History of Java " , published in 1817 . - His name is perpetuated in the name of the giant carrion flower found an expert Botany named Arnold in Bengkulu and Raffles was Governor -General in the area . Tahukahanda name of the flower ? Rafflesia Arnoldi namanya. - wife named Olivia Marianne Raffles pioneered the manufacture of Bogor Botanical Gardens  

Multatuli :
In 1859 Eduard Douwes Dekker , a government employee who was disappointed in the Dutch East Indies , wrote the book under the pseudonym " Multatuli " . The book is titled " Max Havelaar or the Coffee Auctions Dutch Trading Company " . Its contents are criticisms about the arbitrariness of Dutch colonial rule in the Dutch East Indies .

The book is a frame of various interwoven story of the story . The beginning of a story about Drystubble Batavus , a coffee merchant and a good example of a small bourgeois boring and miserly , who became a symbol of how the profits of the Dutch colonies in the East Indies . One day , a former classmate ( Sjaalman ) Drystubble visit and asked him to publish a book .

Further - interrupted by comments Drystubble - is the story of the book , which roughly tells the real experience Multatuli ( aka Max Havelaar ) as a resident assistant in the Dutch East Indies . ( Most of it is experience writer Eduard Douwes Dekker himself as a government employee . ) Assistant Resident Havelaar local communities defend the oppressed , the people of Java , but the boss Dutch citizens and local communities who have business interests in the Netherlands , oppose abuzz .

A number of stories about the local community linked in this book , for example , the story of Saidjah and Adina . Among the sentences about the touching love story , implied accusations of exploitation and cruelty that makes the Javanese people as victims . At the end of this book , Multatuli delivered in earnest requests directly to King William III , who in his position as head of state , is the most responsible for abuses and corruption in the Dutch East Indies government .


At first , the book received a lot of criticism , but then immediately generate debate and reprinted several times . The book is still published to this day and have been translated into more than 40 languages ​​. In 1999 , Indonesian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer refer to this book in the New York Times as " the book Killing Colonialism "  

Conrad Theodore van Deventer :
Initiator of ethical politics , was born in the city of Dordrecht , the Netherlands , 29 September 1857 . His father is the director of Secondary School ( HBS ) in Dordrechat , where he also graduated from the school in 1875 . In van Deventer was also a student at the Faculty of Law, University of Leiden . In 1879 he obtained his doctorate in law with a dissertation that discusses the legal position of the colonies by the Dutch constitution .

Armed with adequate educational background , in 1880 , van Deventer graduated groot - ambtenaars examen ( exam colonial officials ) and went to the Dutch East Indies . He worked as a judge until 1885 and became a lawyer in Semarang until 1897. Cases and cases of illegal opium rich Chinese heritage , gave him a hefty amount of income . According to historian Fasseur , it is also possible to give a sense of guilt . In 1897 he returned to the Netherlands .

Experience in the Dutch East Indies encouraged to write articles in magazines de Gids ( 1899) which contains about why and what ethical politics . It offers three ways to raise the level of prosperity of the people ; namely education, emigration ( migration ) to reduce the population of Java , and the expansion of irrigation to increase the fertility of fields and raise food production . Although van Deventer writing rather boring , but the quick response and accept the idea of ​​pragmatic and non - ideological , much less momentum coincides with the arrival of a new century and a new queen . Notion van Deventer received and opened by the Queen .

Ethical politics continue to run even though there appeared criticism here . As a first step , the Commission established Minderewelvaart for the people of Java and Madura . At 1904 Conrad tabun Th . Van Deventer was appointed as Chairman of the Commission on Poverty and commissioned researching poverty in Java and Madura .

Finally the concept of exploitation colonies were discontinued . In 1905, the Dutch East Indies government debt amounted to 40 million guilders declared a kingdom with debt provisions in subsequent years , the money will be paid in the form of efforts for the prosperity of the indigenous people.

In 1902 , van Deventer was appointed editor of the magazine de Gids . Set of article three thick volumes published in Amsterdam in 1916 . At 1905-1909 , van Deventer became a member of parliament ( parliament ) and then became the Eerste Kamer ( Senate ) Netherlands . In 1913 , he was re- elected as members of parliament . He remains memprogandakan importance extension education to the children of Java , irrigation development , and implementation of transmigration from Java to Sumatra island called Hope .


Van Deventer admire Thomas Stamford Raffles , governor -general of British in Java (1812-1816) who created the land tax and the author of History of Java ; van der Capellen (1825-1830) is known as a defender of the common people , and Fransenn van der Putte , minister of colonies (1870 ) that removes cultivation system and privatize land plantations in colonial . Although a large contribution to Indonesia , yet he was not a radical who opposed colonialism . He approved the continuation of the Aceh war to the death . Van Deventer was never require termination of the relationship between colonial and territorial integrity of the kingdom .

Van Den Cappelen :
Godert Alexander Gerard Philip baron van der Capellen ( born in Utrecht , December 15, 1778 - died in De Bilt , Utrecht , 10 April 1848 at the age of 69 years ) was the first ruler of the Dutch East Indies after the ruling in the Indian controlled by the United Kingdom for several years . At the Congress of Vienna , was given back to the Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands.
Van der Capellen , ruled between August 19, 1816 - January 1, 1826. He was Governor - General of the Dutch East Indies to - 41 .
He is a liberal -minded , spirit blows in the middle of Europe after the French Revolution . But soon he saw that the application of the principle of laissez - faire will be detrimental to small farmers in Java and some other Dutch territories because rich people ( read : the Netherlands ) will soon mastered a lot of land and let the farmers and farm workers have lost their livelihoods , a state that has ever occurred in the 18th century , during the VOC .
In his time he also had to face the undermining Raffles , as Commissioner General of Bengkulu , which is trying to master Sumatra and Kalimantan to master the king of Great Britain . Dispute was resolved with the signing of the Treaty of London in 1824 . Other security issues that must be faced is the Padri War in Minangkabau , Java War , Palembang sultan resistance , and rebellion in Maluku .
To improve the economic situation , Van der Capellen trying to advance their economy , mostly farmers . He stopped paying rent land in the Great State of Mataram , to help farmers . However, this action raises protests from landowners and nobility into resistance . Came the war , led by a prince of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta , Prince Diponegoro , who is known as the Java War between the years 1825-1830 . In Maluku , he reduced most of the spice trade monopoly to reduce injustice and people's resistance .
To promote agriculture and education , he founded the " Department of Agriculture , Arts , and Sciences for Java " in charge of promoting agriculture through public and professional education and research in the field of biology . Prof . C.G.K. Reinwardt ( known also as the director of the first Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens ) was appointed as the first person to occupy this portfolio . In his time , removed the Education Act ( 1916) . As an implementation built elementary schools for all classes of citizens . However, the response of non - Dutch people are very quiet because of the teaching of these schools teach the language of Dutch and European institutions . Recognizing this van der Capellen ordered an inquiry into the indigenous education system so that it can be modernized . It can be said this is the first attempt to incorporate the principles of European education to the indigenous people of Indonesia.
In the health sector , the challenges that must be faced is the spread of smallpox . Reinwardt strive aware of the importance of sanitation and that residents are willing to be immunized . Immunization was successfully executed and successfully suppressed the spread of smallpox .
Van der Capellen very liberal upper class is not favored in the Dutch East Indies as too weak . In 1824 he was called back to the Netherlands and in 1826 the position of Governor-General submitted to Merkus Hendrik de Kock .

In honor of his services , in the city Batusanggkar, Tanah Datar regency capital fortress founded by name , the Fort Van der Capellen .